Extraction of MOSFET LEVEL (1,2,3 and 6) SPICE parameters related to output (Id vs. Vd) characteristics 
References
Books
G. Massobrio and P. Antognetti, Semiconductor Device Modeling with SPICE, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1993. (This is a foundational text that details the LEVEL 1, 2, and 3 equations and how parameters like LAMBDA (channel-length modulation) and parasitic resistances (RD, RS) are modeled from the output curves.)
S. M. Sze and Kwok K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 3rd ed., Wiley, 2006. (Provides the core semiconductor physics behind the $I_d-V_d$ characteristic, including channel-length modulation, velocity saturation, and the linear/triode region.)
Dieter K. Schroder, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization, 3rd ed., Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006. (The definitive guide on characterization. It has detailed sections on how to perform the measurements and extract parameters like LAMBDA, VMAX, RD, and RS from the $I_d-V_d$ plots.)