RS Flip-Flop

Circuit Diagram

Figure 1: Basic RS Flip-Flop circuit diagram using two cross-coupled NOR gates. Reference: Theory section

Components Available in Simulation

• Pre-built RS Flip-Flop component
• Input sources (S, R, CLK)
• Output displays (Q, Q')

Simulation Instructions

1. Select RS Flip-Flop tab in the simulation interface.
2. Observe the pre-built RS Flip-Flop component displayed in the working area.
3. Set input values for S (Set) and R (Reset) using the input controls.
4. Toggle the clock signal if available to observe synchronous behavior.
5. Observe the outputs Q and Q' and verify they follow the RS flip-flop truth table.
6. Test different input combinations:
   • S=0, R=0: Hold state
   • S=1, R=0: Set (Q=1)
   • S=0, R=1: Reset (Q=0)
   • S=1, R=1: Invalid state (avoid this)
7. Click "Simulate" to run the simulation and observe the behavior.

Learning Objectives

• Understand RS flip-flop operation through interactive simulation
• Observe the relationship between inputs (S, R) and outputs (Q, Q')
• Learn about the invalid state condition
• Visualize the memory function of flip-flops

D Flip-Flop

Circuit Diagram

Figure 2: D Flip-Flop circuit diagram showing data input with clock control for synchronous operation. Reference: Theory section

Components Available in Simulation

• Pre-built D Flip-Flop component
• Input sources (D, CLK)
• Output displays (Q, Q')

Simulation Instructions

1. Select D Flip-Flop tab in the simulation interface.
2. Observe the pre-built D Flip-Flop component displayed in the working area.
3. Set the D input value using the input control (0 or 1).
4. Apply clock pulses using the clock control to trigger the flip-flop.
5. Observe the outputs Q and Q' after each clock edge.
6. Verify the operation:
   • On positive clock edge: Q becomes equal to D
   • Between clock edges: Q remains stable regardless of D changes
7. Test with different sequences:
   • Set D=1, apply clock → Q should become 1
   • Set D=0, apply clock → Q should become 0
   • Change D without clock → Q should remain unchanged
8. Click "Simulate" to run the simulation animation.

Learning Objectives

• Understand edge-triggered operation of D flip-flops
• Observe data transfer from input to output on clock edges
• Learn about synchronous digital system behavior
• Visualize how D flip-flops eliminate invalid states

JK Flip-Flop

Circuit Diagram

Figure 3: Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop circuit diagram showing master and slave latches for race-condition elimination. Reference: Theory section

Components Available in Simulation

• Pre-built JK Flip-Flop component
• Input sources (J, K, CLK)
• Output displays (Q, Q')

Simulation Instructions

1. Select JK Flip-Flop tab in the simulation interface.
2. Observe the pre-built JK Flip-Flop component displayed in the working area.
3. Set input values for J and K using the input controls.
4. Apply clock pulses using the clock control to trigger the flip-flop.
5. Observe the outputs Q and Q' after each clock edge.
6. Test all four operations:
   • Hold: J=0, K=0 → Q remains unchanged
   • Set: J=1, K=0 → Q becomes 1
   • Reset: J=0, K=1 → Q becomes 0
   • Toggle: J=1, K=1 → Q changes to its complement
7. Verify edge-triggered behavior: Changes occur only on clock transitions.
8. Click "Simulate" to run the simulation animation.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the versatility of JK flip-flops (all four operations)
• Observe how JK flip-flops eliminate the invalid state problem
• Learn about toggle operation for counter applications
• Visualize master-slave operation preventing race conditions

T Flip-Flop

Circuit Diagram

Figure 4: T Flip-Flop circuit diagram implemented using JK Flip-Flop with J and K inputs tied together. Reference: Theory section

Components Available in Simulation

• Pre-built T Flip-Flop component
• Input sources (T, CLK)
• Output displays (Q, Q')

Simulation Instructions

1. Select T Flip-Flop tab in the simulation interface.
2. Observe the pre-built T Flip-Flop component displayed in the working area.
3. Set the T input value using the input control (0 or 1).
4. Apply clock pulses using the clock control to trigger the flip-flop.
5. Observe the outputs Q and Q' after each clock edge.
6. Test both operations:
   • Hold: T=0 → Q remains unchanged after clock edge
   • Toggle: T=1 → Q changes to its complement after clock edge
7. Observe frequency division: When T=1, output frequency is half the clock frequency.
8. Click "Simulate" to run the simulation animation.

Learning Objectives

• Understand toggle operation and its applications
• Observe frequency division property (output = clock ÷ 2)
• Learn how T flip-flops are used in counters
• Visualize the relationship between T flip-flops and JK flip-flops

General Simulation Tips

Navigation

• Tab Selection: Click on the tabs (RS Flip-Flop, D Flip-Flop, JK Flip-Flop, T Flip-Flop) to switch between different flip-flop demonstrations.
• Input Controls: Use the provided input controls to set values for inputs like S, R, D, J, K, T.
• Clock Control: Use the clock control to apply clock pulses and observe edge-triggered behavior.

Simulation Features

• Visual Animation: Each simulation provides visual animations showing the flip-flop operation.
• Real-time Output: Observe how outputs change in response to input changes and clock edges.
• Interactive Learning: Experiment with different input combinations to understand flip-flop behavior.

Learning Approach

1. Start with RS Flip-Flop: Understand basic latch operation and memory function.
2. Progress to D Flip-Flop: Learn about edge-triggered operation and data storage.
3. Explore JK Flip-Flop: Understand the versatile four-operation capability.
4. Finish with T Flip-Flop: Learn about toggle operation and frequency division.

Troubleshooting

• No Animation: Ensure you've clicked the "Simulate" button after setting inputs.
• Unexpected Output: Verify input settings and check if you're applying clock edges correctly.
• Interface Issues: Try refreshing the page if the simulation interface becomes unresponsive.