Procedure

1. Study the basic principle of the upsetting process and its applications in forging.

2. Select the billet or pre-form material intended for the upsetting operation.

3. Examine the dimensions of the billet and verify compliance with upset forging design rules.

4. Set up the upsetting machine with appropriate dies and cavity dimensions.

5. Insert the billet into the die cavity ensuring proper alignment.

6. Apply compressive force using the ram to perform the upsetting operation.

7. Observe the deformation behavior of the billet during upsetting.

8. Inspect the upset component for visible defects such as buckling, laps, or improper filling.

9. Analyze the role of pre-form quality in causing hidden or coincidental defects.

10. Record observations and suggest corrective measures to minimize pre-formed defects.