Theory

Colors are an effective mode of communication that would make one perceive and think differently about things. They will attract one to something, identify the personality of a brand, and even help to understand or perform complicated information. Additionally, colors establish the tone and mood of brands and products. However, not everyone sees colors in the same way. Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency (CVD), affects a significant portion of the population:

• Globally: About 1 in 12 men (8%) and 1 in 200 women (0.5%) are color-blind.
• In India: 8% of men and 0.4% of women experience color blindness.

This means that around 300 million people worldwide live with CVD.

How Color Vision Works

Normal color vision uses all three types of light cones correctly and is known as trichromacy. Color blindness occurs when one type of cone doesn't work right.

There are three main types of CVD:

1. Protanomaly (Protanopia): Trouble seeing shades of red clearly.
2. Deuteranomaly (Deuteranopia): Trouble seeing shades of green clearly (most common).
3. Tritanomaly (Tritanopia): Trouble seeing shades of blue clearly (extremely rare).

Why This Matters

This helps in coming up with designs that can be used by all since one understands how the color-blind person sees the world and, therefore, ensuring equal usability and engagement.