Breadth First Search Algorithm

BFS is a powerful graph traversal technique used to systematically explore all nodes of a graph or tree. It plays a crucial role in various applications, including network routing, shortest path finding

Traversal Technique

BFS explores a graph in a breadth-wise manner. It starts at a specified node (often the root) and systematically visits all nodes at the current level before moving to the next level.

The queue maintains the order in which nodes are visited, ensuring that nodes at the current level are explored before moving to deeper levels.

The time complexity of BFS is O(V + E), where V is the number of vertices and E is the number of edges in the graph. The space complexity is also O(V) due to the storage requirements of the queue and visited set.