Virtual Labs

Which of the following operations is considered a DDL (Data Definition Language) operation that should be audited to prevent unauthorized schema changes?

a: SELECT Explanation

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b: INSERT Explanation

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c: DROP Explanation

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d: UPDATE Explanation

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In the context of database security, what does Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) allow administrators to do?

a: It allows auditing of specific DML operations based on precise conditions, such as the specific columns accessed or time of day. Explanation

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b: It only tracks physical hardware access to the database servers. Explanation

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c: It automatically blocks all user access during non-business hours. Explanation

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d: It provides a generalized summary of database logins once a month. Explanation

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Why is it crucial to log failed database operations (e.g., a user attempting an unauthorized UPDATE) in an audit trail?

a: To calculate the error rate for software debugging purposes only. Explanation

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b: Failed operations take up less storage space so they are preferred for logging. Explanation

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c: Tracking failed attempts helps identify potential intrusion attempts, privilege escalation, or malicious insiders testing boundaries. Explanation

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d: Failed operations automatically trigger a system reboot to clear the error state. Explanation

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