Virtual Labs

1. Which of the following elements is NOT typically part of a bacterial operon?

a: Enhancer Explanation

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b: Operator Explanation

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c: Promoter Explanation

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d: Structural genes Explanation

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2. Plasmids are useful in genetic engineering because they:

a: Are always linear DNA molecules Explanation

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b: Cannot replicate independently Explanation

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c: Carry selectable markers and replicate autonomously Explanation

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d: Are components of ribosomes Explanation

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3. Gibson Assembly is a molecular technique used to:

a: Separate DNA fragments Explanation

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b: Mutate specific genes Explanation

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c: Seamlessly join multiple DNA fragments Explanation

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d: Synthesize mRNA Explanation

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4. Which of the following best describes a chassis organism?

a: A cell optimized to host synthetic circuits Explanation

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b: A plasmid backbone Explanation

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c: A viral vector Explanation

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d: A non-viable mutant strain Explanation

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5. Codon optimization is done to:

a: Increase GC content Explanation

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b: Match codon usage to the host organism Explanation

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c: Create random mutations Explanation

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d: Reduce protein expression Explanation

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6. Which macromolecule directly carries hereditary information?

a: Protein Explanation

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b: RNA Explanation

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c: DNA Explanation

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d: Lipid Explanation

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7. Which of the following best describes a gene regulatory network?

a: A metabolic pathway Explanation

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b: Interactions between transcription factors and genes Explanation

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c: A signaling hormone cascade Explanation

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d: Protein–protein interactions only Explanation

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8. The principle of plant cell totipotency states that

a: Only meristem cells can divide Explanation

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b: Any living plant cell can regenerate into a whole plant Explanation

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c: Cells lose genetic material during division Explanation

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d: Differentiated cells cannot divide Explanation

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9. Which molecule mainly regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level?

a: Lipids Explanation

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b: Transcription factors Explanation

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c: Ribosomes Explanation

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d: Ribosomes Explanation

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10. Which technique is essential for assembling multiple DNA parts into a single construct?

a: Gel electrophoresis Explanation

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b: DNA sequencing Explanation

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c: Molecular cloning Explanation

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d: Protein purification Explanation

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Synthetic biology in crop plants