After completing this experiment, students will be able to:

1. Understand Substitution Cipher Fundamentals: Comprehend the basic principles and mechanisms of monoalphabetic substitution ciphers, including how each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a corresponding letter in the ciphertext according to a fixed substitution key.

2. Perform Manual Encryption: Execute step-by-step manual encryption processes by applying substitution mappings to individual letters and building ciphertext character by character.

3. Apply Automated Encryption: Use substitution cipher algorithms to encrypt entire phrases and texts automatically, understanding the efficiency gains of computational approaches.

4. Execute Decryption Processes: Reverse the encryption process by applying inverse substitution mappings to convert ciphertext back to readable plaintext.

5. Analyze Cipher Security: Evaluate the security strengths and vulnerabilities of monoalphabetic substitution ciphers, including susceptibility to frequency analysis attacks and understand that having a large keyspace alone is not enough to achieve secure encryption.

6. Create and Validate Substitution Keys: Design custom substitution mappings and verify their correctness through encryption and decryption operations.

7. Recognize Pattern Analysis: Identify frequency patterns in both plaintext and ciphertext, understanding how these patterns can be exploited for cryptanalysis.

8. Compare Classical Techniques: Distinguish between different classical cryptographic methods and understand the historical significance of substitution ciphers in cryptography.

9. Develop Practical Skills: Build hands-on experience with cryptographic tools and techniques that form the foundation for understanding modern encryption methods.

10. Appreciate Cryptographic Evolution: Understand how simple substitution ciphers evolved into more complex cryptographic systems and their role in the development of information security.