Steps to Complete the Code

1. Arrange the Code Blocks:

   • Place the code block that defines the gate name, includes the model file, and declares parameters first.
   • Next, add the code block that defines the voltage source.
   • Then, add the block that defines the inverter subcircuit.
   • Follow with the netlist statement that instantiates and calls the inverter subcircuit.
   • Add the block that defines the input waveform 'a'.
   • Add the control statements to run the circuit and plot the required graphs.
   • Finally, add the end-of-code block.

2. Drag and Drop:

   • Drag and drop the code blocks to arrange them in the order mentioned above.

3. Complete the Code Blocks:

   • Enter the name of the MOSFET model file to be included (PTM_45nm.txt).

   • For the voltage source, enter a name and select vdd as the positive terminal and 0 or gnd as the negative terminal.

   • Define the subcircuit by giving it a name and specifying the input and output arguments.

   • Inside the subcircuit block, connect the PMOS and NMOS as follows:

     • INSTANCE_NAME DRAIN GATE SOURCE BODY NAME_OF_MOSFET_AS_MENTIONED_IN_MODEL_FILE_INCLUDED w=WIDTH l=LENGTH
     • Give instance names to both NMOS and PMOS.
     • Connect the drain ports of both MOSFETs to the output of the subcircuit, the gates to the input, and the source/body of PMOS to vdd, and of NMOS to gnd or 0.

   • Refer to the following circuit diagram for connections:

     

   • End the subcircuit block by typing the name of the subcircuit after .ends.

   • Call the inverter subcircuit by giving an instance name, then a as input and out as output, and complete the call by typing the inverter subcircuit name.

Note:

• While naming subcircuits, nodes, variables, and instance names, ensure they begin with an alphabet, %, $, or _ and only contain alphanumeric characters, %, $, and _.
• The SPICE code is case-insensitive. Do not use the same name for any two variables in the same circuit or subcircuit, regardless of case.

Observations

• After clicking the Validate button (assuming all code blocks are filled correctly), you should see a "Success" message, a report, and input/output graphs under the Observations section.
• Observe the input waveform and the corresponding output waveform.