Virtual Labs

What, according to you, is the primary advantage of using multiple antennas at the transmitter/receiver?

a: Increased battery life Explanation

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b: Improved received signal reliability Explanation

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c: Simplified receiver design Explanation

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d: Reduced hardware costs Explanation

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Which of the following best describes spatial diversity in wireless communications?

a: Using different time slots to send the same signal Explanation

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b: Using different frequency bands to transmit data Explanation

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c: Using multiple antennas sufficiently spaced to transmit/receive signals Explanation

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d: Using encryption techniques to secure the communication Explanation

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What is the main purpose of beamforming in MISO and MIMO systems?

A: To reduce the power consumption Explanation

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B: To direct the transmission energy towards specific users Explanation

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C: To simplify the receiver design Explanation

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D: To increase the modulation order Explanation

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When is equal gain combining (EGC) used?

A: No CSI at transmitter, but CSI present at receiver Explanation

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B: CSI known at both ends Explanation

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C: No CSI at receiver Explanation

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D: Cannot say Explanation

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Which combining technique is less efficient when implemented in hardware?

A: Equal gain combining Explanation

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B: Selection combining Explanation

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C: Depends on the number of antennas Explanation

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D: Both are equally efficient Explanation

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Which of the following is computationally the most complex?

A: Selection combining Explanation

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B: Equal gain combining Explanation

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C: Maximal ratio combining Explanation

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D: All have same complexity Explanation

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For a 1x3 SIMO system using Selection Combining, if the probability of a single antenna branch falling below the required SNR threshold is 'p', what is the overall outage probability of the system assuming all branches experience independent fading?

A: 3p Explanation

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B: p/3 Explanation

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C: p^3 Explanation

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D: 1 - (1-p)^3 Explanation

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In a 1x2 SIMO system with independent identical Rayleigh fading channels, if the average SNR on each individual branch is γ, what is the expected average combined SNR using Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) compared to Selection Combining (SC)?

A: MRC yields 2γ, while SC yields 1.5γ Explanation

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B: MRC yields 2γ, while SC yields 2γ Explanation

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C: MRC yields γ^2, while SC yields 2γ Explanation

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D: MRC yields 1.5γ, while SC yields 2γ Explanation

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Spatial Diversity