Virtual Labs

Physical Clocks and Clock Synchronization

What is the primary purpose of a physical clock in a computer?

a: To track calendar dates Explanation

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b: To measure time passage Explanation

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c: To synchronize with other systems Explanation

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d: To generate random numbers Explanation

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What is clock skew?

a: Clock startup delay Explanation

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b: Time difference between two clocks Explanation

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c: Clock frequency or speed Explanation

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d: Synchronization duration Explanation

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Why is clock synchronization critical in distributed systems?

a: To standardize hardware Explanation

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b: To coordinate processes and order events Explanation

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c: To reduce network latency Explanation

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d: To boost individual machine speed Explanation

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In Cristian's algorithm, how is one-way network delay estimated?

a: Server provides the delay value Explanation

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b: Delay is assumed to be zero Explanation

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c: Round-trip time divided by two Explanation

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d: Using a fixed constant value Explanation

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What problem arises in Cristian's algorithm when network delay varies significantly?

a: Client clock runs faster Explanation

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b: Client clock runs slower Explanation

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c: Synchronization becomes inaccurate Explanation

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d: Server becomes unstable Explanation

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What is the primary role of a time server?

a: To provide reference time Explanation

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b: To slow client clocks Explanation

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c: To accelerate client clocks Explanation

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d: To halt client clocks Explanation

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How does NTP improve upon Cristian's algorithm?

a: Uses a single centralized server Explanation

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b: Ignores network delay effects Explanation

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c: Employs hierarchical servers and statistical filtering Explanation

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d: Limited to local networks only Explanation

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What defines a stratum 1 NTP server?

a: An unsynchronized server Explanation

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b: Synchronized with client devices Explanation

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c: Directly connected to atomic clock or GPS Explanation

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d: Synchronized with another stratum 1 server Explanation

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When a client's clock is ahead of the server, what adjustment is needed?

a: Advance the clock forward Explanation

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b: Set the clock backward Explanation

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c: Make no adjustment Explanation

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d: Request server clock change Explanation

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