N-Grams Smoothing

Textbooks

  • Speech and Language Processing by Daniel Jurafsky & James H. Martin (Chapters on N-gram models and smoothing)
  • Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing by Christopher D. Manning & Hinrich Schütze

Video Lectures and Online Courses

Research Papers and Articles

  • Chen, S. F., & Goodman, J. (1996). An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics.
  • Wikipedia: Additive Smoothing
  • Wikipedia: N-gram

Online Resources and Tools

Additional Reading