Theory

Morphology operates on the structure of objects in a binary image using a structuring element B.

1. Erosion (A ⊖ B)

   • Shrinks foreground objects.
   • Removes small noise.
   • Reduces object boundaries.

2. Dilation (A ⊕ B)

   • Expands foreground objects.
   • Fills small gaps.

3. Opening

   • Erosion followed by dilation.
   • Removes small noise objects.

4. Closing

   • Dilation followed by erosion.
   • Fills small holes and gaps.