1) Apparatus :
A. Temperature controlled water bath.
B. Volumetric flask
C. Conical flask
D. Burette
E. Micropipette
F. Measuring cylinder

2) Procedure in laboratory (diagram) :

3) Procedure in laboratory :

4) Data and the analysis :

4.1) Standardisation of HCl by Na₂CO₃ :

Therefore, the molarity of HCl (MHCl) = 0.2168 (M) [as, Normality ≡ Molarity for HCl]

4.2) Calculation of solubility product (k_sp) of Borax :

We will use the formula written above to calculate k_sp at five different temperatures.

4.3) Plotting ln(k_sp) vs 1/T to calculate ΔHº and ΔSº :

5) Analysis :