Follow these steps to determine the saponification value of Oil/Fat by titrimetric method:

1. Preparation of sample: Weigh a known amount of oil/fat into a flask.

2. Hydrolysis: Add a known volume of alcoholic KOH solution to the flask and heat the mixture under reflux for 30 minutes to ensure complete saponification.

3. Titration:
   After hydrolysis, titrate the remaining (unreacted) KOH with a standard solution of HCl using phenolphthalein as an indicator. The appearance of a color change from pink to colorless marks the endpoint.

4. Blank titration:
   A blank titration is performed using the same procedure without the oil/fat to account for the KOH that does not react with the fat.

5. Calculation:
   The saponification value is calculated using the formula: Saponification Value=((B-S) * N * 56.1) / W

   Where:
   B = Volume of HCl used for blank titration (mL)
   S = Volume of HCl used for sample titration (mL)
   N = Normality of HCl
   W = Weight of the oil/fat sample (g)
   56.1 = Molecular weight of KOH

Slide-1 Procedure

1. The Blank Round-Bottom flask and Fat Round-Bottom flask containing 25 ml only alcholic KOH solution
2. After adding (Fat/oil) Alcholic KOH solution color will be colorless.
3. Reflux both flask(Round-Bottom ) for 30 Mint on Reflux machine

Slide-2 Procedure

1. Take 20 ml of fat solution into the Sample2 conical flask, with the help of droper.
2. Then lets go for ading phenoptaline in both solution.

Slide-3 Procedure

1. Add few drops of phenolphthalein into sample1(Blank) solution water.
2. The colour changes to pink.

Slide-4 Procedure

1. Add few drops of phenolphthalein into sample2(Fat) solution.
2. The colour changes to pink.

Slide-5 Procedure

1. Set the normality of titrate(EDTA solution) and volume of titrant(Sample water solution) according to you, click start button.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by the nozzle open slider and shake it
3. Titrate it till the colour changes to peacock blue

Slide-6 Procedure

1. The Flask(Sample2) containing the (1g Fat/oil + KOH ) solution.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by the nozzle open slider and shake it.
3. Titrate it till the colour change, pink to colourless

Safety Precautions

1. Clamp the burette perfectly vertically so that it is easy to read the scale properly.
2. Before use, rinse the burette thoroughly. While filling the burette, ensure no air bubbles are present and dispense off the working solution from the burette.
3. Remove the funnel after filling the burette up to the zero mark. Read the lower meniscus of the burette.
4. KOH is highly caustic and can cause severe burns.
   Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles.
   In case of skin contact, wash immediately with plenty of water.
   Ensure proper ventilation when working with alcoholic KOH to avoid inhalation of fumes.
5. Ethanol (used in alcoholic KOH solution) is flammable. Keep it away from open flames, hot surfaces, or sources of ignition. Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of vapors.
6. To get better visibility of the color change at the end point, place filter paper below the conical flask.
7. During titration, the conical flask should be stirred continuously and correctly observed the end point.