Tools

Water analysis-Determination of Physical parameters

Procedure:

Under the physical content, select the tests – pH, turbidity, or electrical conductivity.

a. Determination of pH of Water Sample

Calibration of pH Meter

  1. Select "Buffer solution 1 (4.0 pH)".
  2. Switch on the pH meter.
  3. pH meter will show the pH reading as 4.0
  4. Change the buffer solution to "Buffer solution 2 (7.0 pH)".
  5. Again switch on the pH meter.
  6. Now pH meter will show 7.0
  7. Your pH meter is calibrated successfully!

Measurement

  1. Select the water samples from the given list.
  2. Switch on the pH meter.
  3. pH meter will show the pH reading of the selected water samples.
  4. Note down the readings.

b. Determination of Turbidity of Water Sample

Calibration of Nephelometer

  1. Select standard solution from the list, i.e., formazin suspension (20 NTU).
  2. Load the sample into Nephelometer.
  3. Meter will show the turbidity reading as 20 NTU.
  4. Your Nephelometer is calibrated successfully!

Measurement

  1. Select the water samples from the given list.
  2. Switch on the Nephelometer.
  3. Note down the turbidity reading from Nephelometer.

c. Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Water Sample

Calibration of Conductivity Meter

  1. Select the standard solution, KCl-0.01 M-1412 µS/cm.
  2. Switch on the conductivity meter.
  3. Conductivity meter will show the conductivity reading as 1412 µS/cm.
  4. Your conductivity meter is calibrated successfully!

Measurement

  1. Select the water samples from the given list.
  2. Switch on the conductivity meter.
  3. Note down the conductivity of samples from conductivity meter.

Points to Remember while Performing the Experiment in a Real Laboratory:

  • Always wear lab coat and gloves when you are in the lab.
  • When you enter the lab, switch on the exhaust fan and ensure all chemicals and reagents required are available. If not, prepare them.
  • Properly adjust the flame of the Bunsen burner. The correct flame is a small blue cone, not a large plume or orange flame.
  • Clean all apparatus with chromic acid and distilled water. Ensure they are free from water droplets before use.
  • Calibrate the electronic weigh balance before taking measurements.
  • Clean all glassware with soap and distilled water. Recap reagent bottles once done.
  • Switch off light, exhaust fan, and gas cylinder before leaving the lab.
  • Discard used gloves in a waste bin.