Procedure: Bar-shearing

Follow the steps below to conduct the virtual experiment and analyze the bar shearing experiment.

Steps to be followed:

1. The bar shearing experiment is carried out using a punch, die, and hydraulic press arrangement.

2. A cylindrical billet of appropriate material and dimensions is selected for the experiment.

3. The billet is placed carefully on the lower stationary die of the bar shearing setup.

4. Proper alignment of the billet between the punch and die is ensured before applying load.

5. The hydraulic press is operated to move the punch downward towards the billet.

6. As the applied force increases, shear stress develops at the punch–die clearance region.

7. Plastic deformation of the billet begins, followed by crack initiation at the cutting edges.

8. With further increase in force, the crack propagates through the billet thickness.

9. Complete separation of the billet occurs due to the combined effect of plastic flow and fracture.

10. The sheared billet is removed and the cut surface is observed for smooth sheared and fractured regions.

11. The applied force and nature of the sheared surface are noted for analysis.