Objectives:
● To study the flow properties of powders.
● To measure the angle of repose using the fixed funnel method.
● To understand the influence of particle size, shape, and moisture content on powder flow behavior.

Theory:
The angle of repose (θ) is defined as the maximum angle formed between the horizontal surface and the slope of a pile of unconsolidated granular material at which the material remains stable without sliding. It provides a measure of the flowability of the powder — a smaller angle indicates better flowability, while a larger angle suggests poor flow due to higher interparticle friction and cohesiveness.

Formula: θ = tan⁻¹(h / r)
Where:
θ = Angle of repose
h = Height of the pile
r = Radius of the pile base