To study the effect of temperature during upsetting process.

This simulation video explores how temperature affects the upsetting process, one of the fundamental operations in metal forming. By analyzing deformation at different temperatures — from room temperature to elevated forging temperatures — we observe how the material’s flow stress, ductility, and resistance to deformation change. At higher temperatures, the material becomes softer and more ductile, requiring less forging force and allowing smoother, more uniform deformation. In contrast, upsetting at lower temperatures demands higher force and leads to increased strain localization, which may cause defects such as cracking or uneven flow. The simulation helps visualize the strain distribution, deformation pattern, and force vs. stroke behavior under varying thermal conditions. This study highlights the importance of temperature control in forging processes and is valuable for students, engineers, and researchers learning about thermo-mechanical behavior in metal forming.