To study the effect of different materials during upsetting process on equivalent strain and forging force

This simulation video focuses on understanding how different materials behave during the upsetting process by analyzing their equivalent strain and required forging force. In metal forming, the material’s properties — such as hardness, ductility, and strain hardening — play a critical role in determining how it deforms under compression. In this study, materials like aluminum, mild steel, and titanium alloy are subjected to the same upsetting conditions to compare their deformation behavior. The simulation visually shows how each material develops strain, how much force is needed to compress it, and how the shape changes during forging. By observing the strain distribution and force-stroke curves, we can clearly see that softer materials deform more easily and require less force, while stronger materials demand higher forging loads. This helps engineers, students, and researchers understand material selection, equipment requirements, and potential defects during forging, making the simulation valuable for both educational and industrial applications.