INSTRUCTION

  1. Connect the components as mentioned below:
    L1-L7 or L1-L3 , L3-L7, L4-L5, L6-L11 or L6-L14, L8-L15, L12-L16, L8-L9, L13-L16, L14-L11.(For eg. click on 1 and then drag to 3 and so on.)
  2. Click on 'Check Connection' button to check the connections.
  3. If connected wrong, click on the wrong connection. Else click on 'Delete all connection' button to erase all the connections.
  4. Click on 'ON' button to start the experiment.
  5. Click on 'Sine Wave' button to generate input waveform (10 Vp-p, 1kHz)
  6. Click on 'Oscilloscope' button to get the output waveform.
  7. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
  8. Click on "Dual" button to observe both the waveform.
  9. Channel 1 shows the input sine waveform, Channel 2 shows the output square waveform.
  10. Click on "X-Y" button to observe the Hysteresis curve.
  11. Note : Sometimes due to page load or cache, the graph may not come exact at one click. So it is better to double click on the channel-1 function/ channel-2 function/ dual function/ ground function to get the respective signals.

OSCILLOSCOPE

CIRCUIT


1

CONTROLS


CALCULATION

Calculator

Theoretical Calculation

  \(V_{UTP}= \frac{R_1}{(R_1+R_2)} \times (V_{sat})\) ,   \(V_{LTP}= \frac{R_1}{(R_1+R_2)} \times (-V_{sat})\) ,
 \(V_{UTP}\) is the upper threshold voltage and \(V_{LTP}\) is the lower threshold voltage

Practical Calculation

  \(V_{UTP}\)= Divisions covered by the intersection of both the waves in positive cycle along y-axis (vertically) x Multiplying factor,

  \(V_{LTP}\)= Divisions covered by the intersection of both the waves in negative cycle along y-axis (vertically) x Multiplying factor