Instructions for Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

Step 1: Click on 'Generate Message' button to generate analog input message signal. You can change the message frequency, Sampling signal frequency, and quantization levels from the input fields. The sampling frequency has to be much higher than the message frequency
Step 2: Click on the 'Plot Quantized Signal' button to view the quantized message signal. The signal varies in amplitude from -8 to +8, with a step size of 16 divided by the number of 'Quantization Levels'
Step 3: Click on 'Generate PCM Signal' button to generate Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) Signal

Message Frequency (Hz):

Sampling Frequency (Hz):

Quantization Levels:

Quantization SNR (dB)

Instructions for Pulse Code Demodulation

Step 1: The decoder's primary function is to convert the encoded binary PCM data back into quantized analog values. The reconstruction filter is used to recover the original message signal from the sampled PCM signal (often a low-pass filter, smooths out the quantized values to reconstruct the continuous analog signal from the discrete PCM samples)
Step 2: You can Demodulate the PCM Signal clicking on the 'Demodulate PCM Signal' button
Tip: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) settings auto-transfer to the Pulse Code Demodulation tab. No need to re-enter values. Keep both tabs open, or demodulate immediately after modulation.

Cut-off Frequency (Hz)

Enter the number of quantization levels

Levels (L):

Quantization Levels vs Bit Depth
Bits	Levels (L = 2^bits)	Step Size (Δ)	(Quantization Index = 0) Amplitude	(Quantization Index = Mid) Amplitude	(Quantization Index = Max) Amplitude	Quantization SNR (dB)