Resistor
To control the flow of current to other components in a circuit.
Capacitor
To store the electrical energy and give this energy again to the circuit when necessary.
Inductor
To block AC while allowing DC to pass.
Rheostat
It is a variable resistor. By changing the resistance you can control the current flowing through it.
Voltmeter
An instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
Ammeter
An instrument used for measuring electric current in units of amperes.