1. Volume Loss:

$$\Delta V = \frac{\Delta m}{\rho} $$

• \( \Delta m = m_1 - m_2 \) : Mass loss (g)
• \( \rho \) : Density (g/mm³)
• \(\Delta V \) : Volume loss (mm³)

2. Specific Wear Rate:

$$ k = \frac{\Delta V}{F \times L} = \frac{\Delta m}{\rho \times F \times L} $$

• \( F \) : Applied load (N)
• \( L \) : Sliding distance (m)
• \( k \) : Specific wear rate (mm³/N·m)

3. Unit of Specific Wear Rate:

$$ \text{Unit of } k = \frac{\text{m}\text{m}^3}{\text{N} \cdot \text{m}} $$

4. Mass Loss:

$$ \Delta m = m_1 - m_2 $$

• \( m_1 \): Initial mass before test
• \( m_2 \): Final mass after test
• \( \Delta m \): Mass loss (g)

5. Sliding Distance:

$$ L = \pi D N t $$

• \( D \): Average diameter of wear track (m)
• \( D = \frac{D_1 + D_2}{2} \)
• \( D_1 \): Diameter measured using X-Profile
• \( D_2 \): Diameter measured using Y-Profile
• \( N \): Rotational speed (revolutions per second)
• \( t \): Time (s)
• \( L \): Sliding distance (m)

6. Wear Rate:

$$ \text{Wear Rate} = \frac{\Delta V}{L} $$

• \(\Delta V \): Volume loss (cm³)
• \( L \): Sliding distance (m)

7. Coefficient of Friction:

$$ \mu = \frac{F_{\text{friction}}}{F_{\text{normal}}} $$

• \( F_{\text{friction}} \): Frictional force (N)
• \( F_{\text{normal}} \): Normal load (N)
• \( \mu_{\text{Coefficient of Friction}} \): Obtained From Tribometer data