Instructions for Spectral Estimation using Welch Method

• Step 1: Click on "Generate Input Signal" to generate the signal.
• Step 2: Select the base signal from the dropdown menu. Enter the sampling frequency (Hz), length of the signal, and input signal frequency value (Hz) in the base signal section.
• Step 3: Select the window type from the dropdown menu, and enter the window size and overlap fraction.
• Step 4: Add AWGN noise by entering the SNR value (in dB) in the AWGN noise section.
• Step 5: Click the "Simulate" button to run the simulation.
• Step 6: Reset the simulator by clicking the "Reset Simulator" button.
• Step 8: Apply the selected window function to shape the signal before spectral analysis:
  • Rectangular window: w[n] = 1 (for all n)
  • Hann window: w[n] = 0.5 × (1 − cos(2πn / (N − 1)))
  • Hamming window: w[n] = 0.54 − 0.46 × cos(2πn / (N − 1))
  These windows help reduce spectral leakage by smoothly tapering the signal edges (Hann/Hamming) or keeping them flat (Rectangular).