Protocol States:

• Cache States: Invalid (I), Shared (S), Modified (M)
• Directory States: Uncached (U), Shared (S), Exclusive (E)
• Sharer Vector: Tracks which processors have copies (e.g., 1100 = P0,P1)
• Cache-to-Cache: Direct data transfer between processors

Instructions:

1. Select a processor (P0, P1, P2, or P3)
2. Choose operation type (Read or Write)
3. Select memory block (A, B, C, or D)
4. For writes, enter data value (e.g., 0xFF)
5. Click "Execute Operation" or use "Step Through" for detailed view
6. Watch cache states, directory updates, and network messages